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刁品屹(2005—),男,本科, 研究方向为设备智能监测与监控、视觉与图像处理。 |
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曹珍贯(1978—),男,博士,教授。 |
收稿日期: 2025-11-06
修回日期: 2025-12-01
网络出版日期: 2026-05-25
Unmanned surface vehicle swarm formation control technology: current status, challenges, and future trends
Received date: 2025-11-06
Revised date: 2025-12-01
Online published: 2026-05-25
随着海洋作业复杂性的不断增加,水面无人艇集群编队控制技术逐渐成为研究热点。本文系统梳理了水面无人艇集群编队控制技术的研究现状,重点分析了集群编队结构优化、动态任务分配、分布式协同控制算法以及异构系统通信架构设计等关键技术。当前技术虽已取得阶段性成果,但仍面临诸多严峻挑战,包括复杂环境适应性不足、异构协同存在瓶颈、自主决策能力有限、能源与成本约束等问题。本文进一步探讨了未来发展方向,提出智能强化学习与分布式自主决策、跨域通信组网技术、多物理场耦合建模以及模块化可扩展架构设计将成为推动水面无人艇技术发展的关键,将助力推动水面无人艇集群从“固定编队”向“自适应协同”跨越,为海洋资源勘探、应急救援等复杂场景提供技术支撑。
刁品屹 , 曹珍贯 . 水面无人艇集群编队控制技术:现状、挑战与未来趋势[J]. 指挥控制与仿真, 2026 , 48(3) : 57 -67 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2026.03.007
With the increasing complexity of maritime operations, the control technology for unmanned surface vehicle (USV) swarm formations has gradually emerged as a prominent research focus. This paper systematically reviews the current state of research on USV swarm formation control, with emphasis on key technologies such as swarm structure optimization, dynamic task allocation, distributed cooperative control algorithms, and communication architecture design for heterogeneous systems. Although significant progress has been achieved in current technologies, several critical challenges remain, including insufficient adaptability in complex environments, bottlenecks in heterogeneous coordination, limited autonomous decision-making capabilities, and constraints related to energy and cost. Furthermore, this paper explores future development directions and proposes that intelligent reinforcement learning coupled with distributed autonomous decision-making, cross-domain communication networking, multi-physical field coupling modeling, and modular scalable architecture design will be pivotal in advancing USV technology. These advancements are expected to facilitate the transition of USV swarms from "fixed formations" to “adaptive cooperation,” thereby providing technical support for complex scenarios such as marine resource exploration and emergency response operations.
Key words: unmanned surface vehicle (USV); swarm; control
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