中国科技核心期刊      中国指挥与控制学会会刊     军事装备类重点期刊

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  • Unmanned Combat
    XUE De-xin, SHAN Tao, XU Ning-jun, GUO Hao, DONG Shi-jun, DONG Shao-yang
    Command Control and Simulation. 2022, 44(6): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2022.06.001

    UAV combat style is widely used in modern battlefield due to its unique characteristics of “fast/precise/cheap”, and has achieved extraordinary combat effects. This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the current UAV combat style by summarizing the combat characteristics of UAV in modern battlefield and combining with the world’s advanced anti-UAV technology. To fill in the technology gap of UAV combat style and satisfy the demands of the future war and the anti-UAV technologies, the paper tries to find out the future development direction of military combat UAV by modern and foreseeable future technologies. This paper has certain reference value for the development of military combat UAV and its combat style.

  • Military Theory
    YANG Jia-ying, KONG Ya-zhou, LIAN Tao
    Command Control and Simulation. 2022, 44(5): 134-140. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2022.05.024

    In recent years, based on high-end competition among powers, the US has taken a series of measures to strengthen its cyberspace warfare capabilities and maintain its leading position in cyberspace. Using literature research, case studies, system research, interdisciplinary research, combing analysis at home and abroad, a think-tank, academic circles about cyberspace warfare status quo and development of the related research literature in US, on the public to support the cyberspace warfare practice case, to distinguish the strategic instruction, combat forces, weapons technology, drill four major developments content, both across, such as politics, science and technology. The latest developments of US cyberspace warfare are systematically summarized based on the influence factors of disciplines and cross-fields. After that, the paper summarizes the new developments and makes innovative thinking in terms of strengthening top-level planning and design, strengthening professional personnel training, strengthening cyberspace weapons resarching, and strengthening offensive and defensive exercises in cyberspace, providing inspiration and reference for the PLA’s cyberspace warfare capability building.

  • HUANG Qian, CHEN Min, LI Kan, ZHANG Xiao-wei, DONG Shi
    Command Control and Simulation. 2023, 45(1): 46-50. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2023.01.008

    The command control (C2) is the most important part of the war for all dynasties. In information age, the future battlefield poses new challenges for C2. By analyzing the characteristics of network enabled command and control in the information age, this paper studies the C2 function and approach space, defines five C2 archetype, discriminates in detail the objectives and requirements of each archetype, analyzes its maturity level and maturity migration model, and finally discusses the challenges to C2 in the future battlefield. It is important to help the combatant analyze the problems existing in current C2, to improve the C2 ability of the current and future, to improve the control of the commanders, and to improve the manage ability of complex, dynamic and uncertain combat missions.

  • Intelligent Unmanned Combat
    LIU Shengyang, SONG Ting, FENG Haolong, SUN Yue, HAN Fei
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.01.001

    The cooperative region search of UAV swarm can obtain ground information of the mission region and reduce the uncertainty of environmental information effectively. The traditional collaborative region search methods based on the balanced allocation of divided region and the heuristic algorithms depend on the pre-designed rules and heavy computation, and have no ability to generate new rules of the cooperative search. These algorithms belong to the algorithms that can not evolve new rules. Due to the complexity of the mission environment, the algorithms must contain fast,intelligent and robust characteristics, the cooperative searching algorithms of UAV swarm based on emerging theory with strong information fusion ability, self-learning ability have been widely concerned. Evolutionary and reinforcement learning algorithms are the important parts of the emerging theory and both of them can generate some new cooperative searching rules according to the different environment and task. The paper would systematically analyze and summarize the current research status and progress of cooperative search methods. Finally, the shortcomings of the existing research and the further development are put forward.

  • Equipment Technology
    HUANG Weichun, XIAO Gang, YANG Jian, YUAN Hao
    Command Control and Simulation. 2023, 45(5): 10-17. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2023.05.002

    An ontology-based knowledge graph construction method for military terminology is proposed, which is used to obtain semantic information in military terminologycorpus and construct military terminology knowledge graph. Then the ontology of military terminology is built firstly based on the analysis of military terminologycorpus. In this method, the rule based method and the pre-trained model based method are used to extract the relation of military terminology and the knowledge of military terminology is stored in the graph database at last. This method can construct high quality knowledge graph of military terminology for intelligent applications such as semantic search, intelligent question and answer.

  • Modeling & Simulation & Evaluation
    LI Yaoyu, JIN Shuai, MA Manhao, REN Wei
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(1): 85-92. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.01.011

    For the lack of command and control modeling principles and mechanisms in the current end-to-end campaign tactical level simulation for unmanned air combat, this paper systematically combs and studies the recent research in unmanned air campaign tactical simulation. Combined with the relevant research, this paper explored the principles and methods of different C2 modeling at different simulation levels and established a C2 simulation system suitable for the characteristics of CISE in unmanned air combat. Further, theoretical and practical guidance is provided for innovative demonstration and evaluation methods of CISE through the effectiveness evaluation support of unmanned air combat tasks.

  • Intelligent Unmanned Combat
    SHI Fengcha, BAI Jiangbo, LU Di
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(1): 30-36. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.01.004

    The Manned-Unmanned Teaming technology can fully leverage the low cost and expendable advantages of unmanned platforms to expand the operational space of manned platforms, thereby enhancing their situational awareness, penetration capability, and survivability. This paper provides a research overview on the development of MUM-T in the United States, Britain, France, Australia, South Korea, and other countries. It provides several application examples of MUM-T in foreign militaries on marine, land, and air space. It also analyzes some technical challenges and key technologies of MUM-T in wireless communication and networking, remote measurement and control, autonomous decision-making, and human-machine interaction. Finally, the future development trend of MUM-T is prospected, which can serve as a reference for the study of collaborative combat styles and related technological research in future joint operational systems.

  • Equipment Technology
    TAO Rui, YANG Zuyao
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 63-68. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.009

    Starting with the concept, principle and classification of AI technology, this article focuses on the analysis of three main scenarios and eight key directions of AI military applications. It comprehensively uses the maturity evaluation method of technology patent analysis and the Gartner technology maturity curve to evaluate the maturity of eight key directions of AI military applications.

  • Unmanned Combat
    SUN Hai-wen, YU Shao-zhen, ZHOU Mo, MENG Xiang-yao, LI Dan, TANG Jia-yu
    Command Control and Simulation. 2023, 45(2): 31-37. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2023.02.005

    With the continuous improvement of the performance of unmanned aerial vehicles and the extensive use of tactical methods, the cooperative operation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) swarm has brought new challenges to the current air defense system. By combing and analyzing the application cases of UAV swarm warfare in recent years, this paper summarizes the characteristics of current UAV swarm warfare application, and explains the necessity and urgency of developing anti UAV swarm warfare command and control system. In addition, this paper analyzes the current situation of the command and control system of anti UAV swarm warfare in the world's military powers, and on this basis, puts forward some enlightenment suggestions for the development of the future anti UAV swarm warfare command and control system.

  • Intelligent Game
    SU Jiongming, LUO Junren, CHEN Shaofei, XIANG Fengtao
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 35-43. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.006

    The breakthrough and progress of intelligent gaming technology with deep reinforcement learning as the core in the field of games provide a method reference for the research of agents in sea-air wargames. The architecture design of the agent is the primary core key problem that needs to be solved, and a good architecture can reduce the complexity and difficulty of training and accelerate the convergence of policies. A stochastic game model of sea-air cross-domain cooperative decision-making has been proposed, and its corresponding equilibrium solution concepts have been analyzed. Based on the analysis of typical agent frameworks, aiming at the decision-making gaming process of sea-air wargames, and then an agent bi-level architecture based on multi-Agent hierarchical reinforcement learning is proposed, which can effectively solve the problems of collaboration and dimensional disaster. The key technologies are analyzed from four aspects: force coordination, agent network design, adversary modeling and training mechanism. Hoping to provide architectural guidance for the subsequent design and implementation of sea-air wargaming agents.

  • Unmanned System & Technology
    LI Xinghua, YU Yongsheng, MENG Zhen, ZHENG Wenpeng, XIA Xiangtong, HAO Chengshuo, HAN Jiarui
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(5): 6-12. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.05.002

    The Russia-Ukraine conflict is the most widely used local conflict of unmanned intelligent equipment since its development and installation. The various types of unmanned intelligent equipment that emerged in this conflict have also brought a series of changes and challenges to the traditional killing chain. In order to study the combat application of unmanned intelligent equipment in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and its impact on the killing chain, according to the public report information, the application and characteristics of unmanned intelligent equipment in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict are analyzed in three aspects from the perspective of killing chain: enriching the options of kill chain awareness nodes, reducing kill chain kill costs, and shortening kill chain closed-loop time. According to the experience and lessons learned from the application of unmanned intelligent equipment in Russia and Ukraine, the enlightenment and suggestions for the development of unmanned intelligent equipment are put forward.

  • Equipment Technology
    AN Jing, SI Guangya, YAN Jiang
    Command Control and Simulation. 2023, 45(5): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2023.05.001

    Capability requirement analysis is the key stage of operational concept development. Based on the formal description of the operational concept capability requirement analysis, a method of operational concept capability requirement analysis based on DRL(deep reinforcement learning) is designed from the perspective of qualitative and quantitative combination. In this method, small sample data sets with high reliability can be obtained through simulation experiments. Based on the experience data, the surrogate model of operation concept is constructed, and the model is optimized and trained by using multi-objective optimization algorithm with the high credibility simulation data set as the input. Finally, the agent model obtained from the training and the DRL framework are interactively optimized to achieve the reverse exploration of the operational concept capability requirements. The experiment results show that the method is feasible.

  • Intelligent Game
    SUN Yifeng, LIAO Shufan, WU Jiang, LI Fulin
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.001

    Aimming at the multitudinous battlefield situation information and the difficulty in recognizing the changing trends, based on large models, a situation awareness agent and an intelligent situation awareness inductive method are proposed. Starting from cognitive concepts and combining the abstractness and embodiment characteristics of agents, three key components in the construction of agents have been clarified: learning environment, memory mode, and knowledge generation mechanism. The architecture of the battlefield situation awareness agent is designed, including memory component, planning component, execution component, evaluation component, and key points for agent training. In the long-term memory component, based on the modeling characteristics of complex battlefield states, the paper discusses the application of large language models, multimodal large models and large sequence models.

  • Weapon & Information System
    LI Jiatong, LU Junyuan, WANG Guangyao, LI Jianxun
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(4): 35-43. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.04.005

    The development in artificial intelligence has dramatically changed all industries, among which AI-assisted air combat is a representative case of success. An Intelligent air combat model that consists of the attainment of samples and a decision-making model is constructed in connection with air combat simulator. Considering the characteristics of air combat continuous states and actions, DQN algorithm is selected as the model of intelligent air combat by comparison among several algorithms. Meanwhile, the AI network is trained interactively with AI enemies in the air combat simulation game DCS World, resulting in a model that is able to manipulate aircraft to a degree and many cases of air combat, by analyzing which a collection of winning, losing and dual samples is derived. The result of simulation indicates that the Intelligent air combat model has certain ability to generate strategic samples and enrich tactics in air combat environments.

  • Review
    YANG Zhi-mou, CHEN Hao, ZHOU Zheng, YIN Guang-chuan
    Command Control and Simulation. 2022, 44(3): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2022.03.001

    Information technology has encountered a bottleneck in the generation of combat effectiveness, which forces people to seek solutions through intelligent technology. At present, artificial intelligence has also successfully used artificial intelligence technology. They have also made some breakthroughs at the tactical level in the military field. However, at the campaign level, it has the greatest need to assist combat planning and decision-making, and also has encountered the most difficulties. From the current point of view, to realize the intelligent planning at the campaign level, we must not be blindly optimistic. We must scientifically demonstrate the development thinking and path, and gradually achieve the goal in stages, steps and fields by learning from successful cases, returning to the essence of artificial intelligence and relying on mature technology.

  • Expert Perspective
    ZHANG Dongge, YU Minggang, NIU Yanjie, BAI Tingting, CHI Shangzhuo
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(5): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.05.001

    The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has influenced, constrained, guided, and even dominated modern combat methods. Especially in the field of command and control(C2), artificial intelligence technology deeply influences various elements and links of C2 activities through C2 systems and equipment. However, due to the novelty of artificial intelligence technology and the specificity of military systems, the impact of artificial intelligence on C2 is difficult to explicitly capture and measure during non war periods. This article systematically explores the mechanism of the role of artificial intelligence in the field of C2 from four aspects: the relationship between artificial intelligence and C2, the ways in which artificial intelligence affects the elements of C2, the trends in the impact of artificial intelligence on C2, and the risks and challenges faced by the co-evolution of artificial intelligence and C2. The conclusion drawn can assist military personnel in better controlling the battlefield, controlling war, and facing the challenges of war in the intelligent era.

  • Original article
    ZHAO Xinye, GAO Chengzhi, YUAN Bo, CUI Peng
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 43-48. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.007

    The intending goal of modeling and simulation is to create a unified Live-Virtual-Constructive (LVC) integration architecture, support rapid integration model and carry out simulation for joint flight training, tactical coordination, operational planning and evaluation. By exploring the connotation and application field of LVC, this paper analyzes the development plan of LVC training network, combs three typical application examples of LVC system, which are distributed mission combat, joint simulation environment and US Navy simulation training. Using the experience of LVC to solve the joint training, this paper gives the enlightenment of accelerating the construction of the joint training of our army, and provides valuable reference for the construction of our army's joint training environment.

  • Original article
    XUE Jingyun, LIU Fang, ZHANG Yinhuan
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 49-55. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.008

    Aiming at the situation of random changes in tactics and uncertain information in the confrontation pattern between missile and target in the air combat environment. By analyzing the motion relationship of a single missile attack to determine the target, the principles of dynamic game and differential game are introduced into the relative motion relationship between missile and target. In the dynamic game process of attack and defense confrontation, the terminal guidance problem of a single missile attacking and intercepting the target is modeled as a "one to one missile target" game model. The missile guidance law based on game theory under mixed strategy and the global strategic situation of bilateral optimization of the opponent at a certain moment are proposed. The method of model rolling prediction combined with differential game theory is introduced to simulate the confrontation between missile and target in uncertain attack and defense environments. The simulation results show that using this method can reduce the miss distance of missile to target and improve the hit accuracy of missile. The model provides a basis for missile attack and defense operations.

  • Training & Evaluation
    YU Xiaohan, WANG Qidi, YU Kun
    Command Control and Simulation. 2023, 45(5): 129-136. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2023.05.018

    In the process of the battle between the enemy and us on the battlefield, accurately predicting the deployment of the enemy forces will be beneficial to our combat. Based on the situation data of wargame, this paper proposes a method for predicting the unknown operator position of the enemy by training Graph Neural Networks. Firstly, after preprocessing the data, the transformation from situation to graph structure data is realized, and the graph structure data set of wargame situation is constructed for training Graph Neural Networks. Secondly, according to the characteristics of wargame situation and its data, GraphVAE model is modified to complete the graph structure data of wargame situation. Finally, a method for calculating the position of the enemy operator based on the completed graph structure data is designed. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by experiments.

  • Overall Command & Control
    LIU Wei, XIE Haibin, CHEN Shaofei
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(6): 8-14. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.06.002

    Aiming at the intelligent design of combat systems, we propose a conceptual framework and application methods of Agent based on artificial intelligence technology. First, we analyze the concept of Agent and discuss the important significance of studying Agent in the combat system. Then, we introduce the research framework of artificial intelligence based on Agent, and multiple application methods of Agent in combat systems. Finally, we analyze the development trends of Agent technology and the risks and challenges that its combat applications may face.

  • Weapon & Information System
    LIU Yiming, XIE Zhenjie, FU Wei, XU Ruilin
    Command Control and Simulation. 2023, 45(6): 89-95. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2023.06.014

    Military regulations are of great significance to modern military operations. However, consulting the texts is inefficient and error-prone. A military legal question answering system is constructed by integrating retrieval and knowledge graph technologies. The optimized TF-IDF model is used to establish a data structure for the hierarchical retrieval of laws and regulations to improve the efficiency. Knowledge graph technologies are used to generate a large amount of knowledge for the clauses of laws and regulations, ensuring the ability of question understanding. According to the characteristics of military laws and regulations, the algorithms of question processing and clause retrieval are designed, and the complete answer is composed of a short answer, clause content and an answer source. Analysis and testing show that the underlying data constructed is highly hierarchical and semantically rich. The prototype system can accurately answer questions from multiple perspectives, and it combines the advantages of retrieval and knowledge graph technologies. The system can provide decision aid for the commander to deal with legal problems, and the technologies are also applicable to regulations in other fields.

  • Unmanned Combat
    YUE Li-jun, WANG Fan, ZHAO Chao-xian
    Command Control and Simulation. 2022, 44(4): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2022.04.001

    This paper analyzes the capability characteristics of the unmanned combat platform, envisages the cooperative application scenario of the unmanned combat system in the sea battlefield, designs the command and control system composition and command and control structure of the unmanned combat system, analyzes the main key technologies in the command and control of the unmanned combat system, and hopes to promote the cooperative operation application of the unmanned combat platform in the sea battlefield.

  • Foreign Development
    LIU Meng-jue, SUN Kan, DOU Lin-tao, JIA Zhen
    Command Control and Simulation. 2022, 44(2): 130-136. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2022.02.023

    The U.S. Navy attaches great importance to capability building of the simulated training architecture. They standardize the top-down navy training architecture, and construct composable and discomposable, multi-level interaction training systems at joint, navy, platform, system layers, supporting a variety of battle forces, such as Global Command and Control System-Marine (GCCS-M), surface warships, submarines, planes. The U.S. Navy has forged a training capability of combat-training consensus for joint air and sea confrontation between systems, which can be used for reference for the simulated training architecture construction of our Chinese Navy.

  • Multimodal Information Fusion
    LIU Geng, LIU Xing
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(6): 49-54. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.06.009

    Intelligent game adversarial algorithms not only make full use of the portrayal accuracy of the game model, but also solve the equilibrium solution through the powerful computational ability of neural network and the trial-and-error mechanism of reinforcement learning, which makes the intelligent game adversarial algorithms achieve good results in many fields. Through the multi-intelligence body game learning, multi-intelligence body game reinforcement learning and multi-intelligence body game deep reinforcement learning three levels of intelligent game confrontation algorithm is systematically sorted out, and the corresponding mapping with the intelligence field of work, demonstrates the feasibility and necessity of intelligent game confrontation algorithm in the field of intelligence, and finally gives the specific application of the intelligent game confrontation algorithm in the field of intelligence and the effective measures of the follow-up to improve the quality and efficiency. Finally, it gives the specific application of intelligent game confrontation algorithm in the field of intelligence, as well as the effective measures to improve the quality and efficiency.

  • Multimodal Information Fusion
    MO Qianqian, LIU Jun, GUAN Jian, YANG Qilin, PENG Dongliang, CHEN Huajie, GU Yu
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(4): 88-96. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.04.012

    Re-identification technology for pedestrians and vehicles has been successfully applied in the field of intelligence analysis. However, there is a lack of research on re-identification technology for ship targets. In this paper, we propose a double-feature fusion-based maritime defogging re-identification network for intelligence analysis and supervision of ship targets. To reduce the impact of negative samples on features, we adopt a perspective-assisted adaptive query expansion method and a similarity-based feature fusion method. Furthermore, a defogging branch is embedded in the shallow layer of the re-identification branch. This branch utilizes weight sharing technology to extract fog-free features. The defogged image is then reconstructed using upsampling technology and the pyramid model, enhancing the recognition ability of the re-identification network in low-visibility scenarios. Finally, a pseudo-IOU based non-maximum suppression method is proposed to enhance the detection accuracy of ship targets. This method modifies the confidence of the detection frame. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing methods, and each module contributes to the network’s performance.

  • Original article
    ZHANG Yuqiang, XIAO Benshuai, YANG Xianghong, SUN Shengzhi
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 12-17. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.002

    The era of intelligent war is coming with the wide application of big data technology and artificial intelligence technology in military field. Based on the characteristics of intelligent war, this paper describes the challenges of traditional weapon equipment, and puts forward the development strategy of weapon equipment system under condition of intelligent war, it has certain practical significance to improve the system efficiency of weapon equipment and win the initiative of future wars.

  • Review
    ZHANG Shi-kun, CAO Xin-wen, SHEN Hong-fen
    Command Control and Simulation. 2021, 43(6): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2021.06.001

    The modern warfare has turned into a confrontation between the systems and the evaluation of operational system is an important method to strengthen the construction of the systems. This paper discusses the connotation and the challenges of operational system evaluation, analyzes the application and limitation of the traditional methods. Then new methods such as complex network, war-gaming and deep learning are studied and analyzed. Finally, thoughts and suggestions on the research are proposed.

  • Review
    HUO Shi-wei, TIAN Ba-lin, GUO Sheng-ming, SHI You-wei
    Command Control and Simulation. 2022, 44(4): 21-25. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2022.04.004

    Intelligent battlefield situation assessment is the basis and key of realizing intelligent battle command. With the rapid development of machine learning and its wide application in military field, as well as the improvement of battlefield data acquisition ability, data-driven battlefield situation assessment based on machine learning has become a research hotspot. The author summarizes the concept of battlefield situation assessment and the research status of battlefield situation assessment based on machine learning, analyzes the existing problems of battlefield situation assessment based on machine learning, and looks forward to its solutions and research methods.

  • LI Yuan-long, LI Zhi-qiang
    Command Control and Simulation. 2023, 45(1): 119-129. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2023.01.019

    In this paper, the coverage model of Starlink constellation is established by means of the Satellite Simulation Kit (STK), and the coverage capability of Starlink constellation to Washington, Beijing, Taiwan and Kiev, which are located in north latitude 70 degree to south latitude 70 degree, is simulated and analyzed in detail. The simulation results show that the Starlink constellation can reach 100% coverage between the north latitude about 53 degree to south latitude about 53 degree, and the 1.5v Starlink satellites begin to cover the bipolar areas up to the present. Obviously, the Starlink constellation is developing steadily towards global coverage. According to simulation results, the Starlink constellation can achieve 24-hour full coverage in high latitudes such as Washington, Beijing and Kiev, and the coverage satellites number is large. But the Starlink constellation can’t achieve 24-hour full coverage in Taiwan and other low latitude regions. In conclusion, the Starlink constellation coverage capacity of all regions in the world is improving steadily and in high speed.

  • Unmanned Combat
    KONG Wei-wei, FENG Wei-qiang, ZHU-GE Wen-zhang, YANG Xing
    Command Control and Simulation. 2022, 44(5): 14-18. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2022.05.003

    This paper systematically compares the development history of the large-and medium-unmanned vehicle, sorts out the main R&D and test units, and analyzes the main features of their R&D, brings us different enlightenments from system design, capacity building and trial by the development of the U.S. military unmanned boat, which can provide reference for the future development of China's surface unmanned equipment.

  • Theory & Research
    MA Yue, WU Lin, XU Xiao, LIU Yun
    Command Control and Simulation. 2021, 43(4): 61-67. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2021.04.012

    Operation task planning is mainly used to support pre-war planning and in-war control of operational plans. The fast pace, high intensity and complexity of modern warfare make it difficult for commanders and staff organizations to undertake heavy tasks. There is an urgent need to use intelligent technology to improve the level of decision-making automation and autonomy. This paper summarizes the concept and existing methods of operation task planning, analyzes the limitations of military application and the difficulties caused by the complexity of war, expounds the necessity of intelligent methods to assist operation task planning in threat judgment, temporal and spatial reasoning, strategy generation and evaluation, strategy learning and growth. Furthermore, the framework design and theoretical basis of operation task intelligent planning is proposed, which can be used for reference to realize intelligent operation task planning in the future.

  • Original article
    YIN Kuiying, YU Tao
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.001

    We are embracing the fourth wave of human development, which is a critical transition from the information society to an intelligent society integrating human beings, the physical world, and the cyberspace. In recent years, computing and information technology have developed rapidly. The unprecedented popularity and success of deep learning have established artificial intelligence (AI) as the frontier field of human exploration of machine intelligence. Meanwhile, thanks to the revolutionary progress of devices and the development of artificial intelligence (AI), brain-computer interface (BCI) implantation technology has also been rapidly implemented, which marks the beginning of the integration of BCI and AI, carbon-based and silicon-based. However, there are fundamental differences between the underlying logic of silicon-based and carbon-based computing, and the intelligent mechanism of the brain remains to be further explored. The visual cognition-guided twin AI deep network proposed in this study is a deep network technology driven by personal consciousness. It captures and analyzes individual thinking patterns and creative inspiration to create a unique visual world tailored for each user. In such an environment, everyone becomes the visual leader of their own created world, breaking the barriers between matter and consciousness, and expressing rich individuality and creativity.

  • Unmanned Combat
    WANG Yong, WANG Pin, LI Guan-fang, SUN Zhi-guang
    Command Control and Simulation. 2022, 44(5): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2022.05.001

    Unmanned swarm operations have become the normal mode of modern warfare. How to realize the coordinated control of manned nodes and unmanned swarms is the key to give full play to the combat effectiveness of unmanned systems. This paper sorts out the development route of foreign unmanned swarms, describes the possible cooperative operations between unmanned swarms at sea and manned warships, analyzes the use of intelligent unmanned swarm operations in future wars and the demand for continuous improvement of ability and discusses requirements of swarm coordinated command and control for the compatibility with the manned warship combat system, the openness of the architecture, and the swarm intelligence. Finally, it proposes a manned-unmanned cooperation control structure for unmanned swarm at sea, gives a functional service deployment idea that can adapt to distributed and centralized control, and helps to promote the rapid formation of the collaborative capability of manned and unmanned swarms at sea.

  • Unmanned Combat
    WEI Tao, ZHU Lin, LIANG Shi-long
    Command Control and Simulation. 2022, 44(5): 6-13. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2022.05.002

    In recent years, underwater systems have gradually evolved toward unmanned, intelligent and swarmed directions. The perception and cooperation techniques, as the key techniques of the unmanned system swarm, have enormous potential in maritime application scenarios. In this paper, we first review the background and related work on the research of underwater unmanned systems at home and abroad and further illustrate the significance and practicability of developing underwater unmanned system swarm for our country. Next, we summarize and analyze the underwater perception and underwater collaborative techniques, and elaborate the developments in details for underwater acoustic and optical perception, under cooperative communication, cooperative control and cooperative navigation and positioning. Finally, we address the challenges on perception and cooperation for underwater unmanned system swarm, and provide the potential development trends. The research can be used as a technical guide for underwater combat missions.

  • Task Planning & Firepower Allocation
    CHANG Qing, LIU Desheng, YANG Yang
    Command Control and Simulation. 2023, 45(5): 84-91. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2023.05.011

    Modern warfare presents a new form of multi domain cooperation, multi mission concurrence and multi element coupling, which poses new challenges to operational missions planning. The reasonable decomposition and standardized description of complex operational missions is an effective means to improve the scientific nature of mission planning, the efficiency of mission planning and the quality of mission completion. On the basis of the systematic explanation of the concepts related to the decomposition of operational missions, the basic principles of the decomposition of operational missions are proposed. Drawing on the basic idea of the "Hall three-dimensional structure", the strategy of the decomposition of operational missions based on the "time dimension, logic dimension, and activity dimension" is proposed. The standardized description form of the meta missions is defined, and the relationship between the meta missions is described from the three aspects of time sequence, logic, and function. The application case study shows that, the proposed method is feasible and effective for the rational decomposition and standardized description of complex operational missions.

  • Equipment Technology
    GAO Jiabo, XIAO Wei, HE Zhijie
    Command Control and Simulation. 2023, 45(6): 7-18. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2023.06.002

    Aiming at the cooperative pursuit and confrontation task of multiple UAVs in the unknown escape UAV environment, a multi-UAVs cooperative pursuit and confrontation strategy based on P3C-MADDPG algorithm is proposed. First, in order to solve the problem of slow training speed and over estimation of Q value of Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG) algorithm, In MADDPG algorithm, Prioritized Experience Replay (PER) based on tree structure storage and a parallel Critic network model with 3 threads are prioritized respectively, and the P3C-MADDPG algorithm is proposed. Then, based on the kinematics model of UAV, training elements such as state space, reward function combining sparse reward and guided reward, pursuit action space with different accelerations are designed. Finally, based on the above training elements, the P3C-MADDPG algorithm is used to generate the cooperative pursuit and confrontation strategy of multiple UAVs in the unknown escape UAV environment. Simulation experiments show that the P3C-MADDPG algorithm increases the training speed by 11.7% on average, and decreases the Q value by 6.06% on average. The generated multi-UAV cooperative pursuit and confrontation strategy can effectively avoid obstacles, and more intelligently realize the pursuit of unmanned aerial vehicles with unknown strategies.

  • SUN Peng, SUN Jin-biao, CHEN Zhi-xiang, CAO Li-jie
    Command Control and Simulation. 2021, 43(5): 22-28. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2021.05.004

    With the development of intelligent technology, the future air combat will present the widespread participation of intelligent weapons, and the research on the design of intelligent air combat concepts has become a hot topic in the military field. The DoDAF is the framework of the defense system of the United States, which mainly used the model of DoDAF to design the architecture framework of the intelligent air combat concept, and provides the reference and basis for the following research on the concept of intelligent warfare in the air, which has some military practical significance.

  • Equipment Technology
    ZHAO Yaping, HUANG Yi, LI Hong, MENG Jie
    Command Control and Simulation. 2023, 45(4): 36-43. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2023.04.006

    This paper analyzes and combs the application and research status of artificial intelligence technology in the field of military intelligence, in order to provide reference for subsequent military intelligence research. This paper summarizes the development and application of artificial intelligence in military intelligence work from the aspects of intelligence analysis and military command decision-making. Based on the intelligence workflow, the military intelligence service model under artificial intelligence technology is analyzed. This paper systematically combs the research and development status of typical projects of intelligent intelligence systems in the United States, and analyzes the key development trends and technical difficulties of artificial intelligence in the military intelligence field.

  • Equipment Technology
    LI Delin, ZHANG Yuchen, WANG Jun, LIU Naihao
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(4): 8-21. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.04.002

    Facing the continuous improvement of war complexity under the trend of system-of-systems confrontation,this paper introduces MBSE to the modeling design of complex system-of-systems combat. Adopting Unified Architecture Framework, a modeling method based on scenes is proposed by sorting out the modeling needs and internal mechanisms of system operations. Taking the task that searching and attacking multiple target as an example,various kinds of view is constructed including strategic, operating, resources and services. Then, logic verification is carried out based on the model. This method can provide a reference for system-of-system combat design and UAF application.

  • Engineering & Application
    JIA Chen-Xing, Zhou Yu, WANG Ya-Hao
    Command Control and Simulation. 2019, 41(1): 120-124. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2019.01.024

    Aimed at the urgent need and the development trend that the core information technology independently controllable for our country and military, facing the typical application scenarios of C4ISR systems, such as command post, weapon platform, hand-held intelligent terminal, and focus on the development demands that localization of operation system, strong compatibility of hardware, flexible deployment of multiple scenarios, this paper proposes a foundation software platform architecture of C4ISR system, which based on domestic operation system. Then, based on the architecture, this paper studies the key issues of platform implementation, such as hardware adaptation and optimization, software runtime library and common software integration, system cross-platform reuse.