中国科技核心期刊      中国指挥与控制学会会刊     军事装备类重点期刊

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  • Intelligent Game
    SUN Yifeng, LIAO Shufan, WU Jiang, LI Fulin
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.001

    Aimming at the multitudinous battlefield situation information and the difficulty in recognizing the changing trends, based on large models, a situation awareness agent and an intelligent situation awareness inductive method are proposed. Starting from cognitive concepts and combining the abstractness and embodiment characteristics of agents, three key components in the construction of agents have been clarified: learning environment, memory mode, and knowledge generation mechanism. The architecture of the battlefield situation awareness agent is designed, including memory component, planning component, execution component, evaluation component, and key points for agent training. In the long-term memory component, based on the modeling characteristics of complex battlefield states, the paper discusses the application of large language models, multimodal large models and large sequence models.

  • Original article
    SUN Peiyang, WANG Dan
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 36-42. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.006

    Submarine-borne laser weapons can improve defense capabilities and increase the types of mission that can be completed. By introducing the research progress of laser weapons, the development status and application situation of laser weapons in the US, submarine installation requirements is proposed. The paper suggests timing for weapon use and analyzes the ability to damage anti-submarine aircraft. And it analyzes the ability to damage anti-submarine aircraft, and Provides reference for relevant research.

  • Equipment Technology
    TAO Rui, YANG Zuyao
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 63-68. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.009

    Starting with the concept, principle and classification of AI technology, this article focuses on the analysis of three main scenarios and eight key directions of AI military applications. It comprehensively uses the maturity evaluation method of technology patent analysis and the Gartner technology maturity curve to evaluate the maturity of eight key directions of AI military applications.

  • Equipment Technology
    LI Delin, ZHANG Yuchen, WANG Jun, LIU Naihao
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(4): 8-21. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.04.002

    Facing the continuous improvement of war complexity under the trend of system-of-systems confrontation,this paper introduces MBSE to the modeling design of complex system-of-systems combat. Adopting Unified Architecture Framework, a modeling method based on scenes is proposed by sorting out the modeling needs and internal mechanisms of system operations. Taking the task that searching and attacking multiple target as an example,various kinds of view is constructed including strategic, operating, resources and services. Then, logic verification is carried out based on the model. This method can provide a reference for system-of-system combat design and UAF application.

  • Original article
    YIN Kuiying, YU Tao
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.001

    We are embracing the fourth wave of human development, which is a critical transition from the information society to an intelligent society integrating human beings, the physical world, and the cyberspace. In recent years, computing and information technology have developed rapidly. The unprecedented popularity and success of deep learning have established artificial intelligence (AI) as the frontier field of human exploration of machine intelligence. Meanwhile, thanks to the revolutionary progress of devices and the development of artificial intelligence (AI), brain-computer interface (BCI) implantation technology has also been rapidly implemented, which marks the beginning of the integration of BCI and AI, carbon-based and silicon-based. However, there are fundamental differences between the underlying logic of silicon-based and carbon-based computing, and the intelligent mechanism of the brain remains to be further explored. The visual cognition-guided twin AI deep network proposed in this study is a deep network technology driven by personal consciousness. It captures and analyzes individual thinking patterns and creative inspiration to create a unique visual world tailored for each user. In such an environment, everyone becomes the visual leader of their own created world, breaking the barriers between matter and consciousness, and expressing rich individuality and creativity.

  • Original article
    ZHAO Xinye, GAO Chengzhi, YUAN Bo, CUI Peng
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 43-48. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.007

    The intending goal of modeling and simulation is to create a unified Live-Virtual-Constructive (LVC) integration architecture, support rapid integration model and carry out simulation for joint flight training, tactical coordination, operational planning and evaluation. By exploring the connotation and application field of LVC, this paper analyzes the development plan of LVC training network, combs three typical application examples of LVC system, which are distributed mission combat, joint simulation environment and US Navy simulation training. Using the experience of LVC to solve the joint training, this paper gives the enlightenment of accelerating the construction of the joint training of our army, and provides valuable reference for the construction of our army's joint training environment.

  • Intelligent Game
    SU Jiongming, LUO Junren, CHEN Shaofei, XIANG Fengtao
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 35-43. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.006

    The breakthrough and progress of intelligent gaming technology with deep reinforcement learning as the core in the field of games provide a method reference for the research of agents in sea-air wargames. The architecture design of the agent is the primary core key problem that needs to be solved, and a good architecture can reduce the complexity and difficulty of training and accelerate the convergence of policies. A stochastic game model of sea-air cross-domain cooperative decision-making has been proposed, and its corresponding equilibrium solution concepts have been analyzed. Based on the analysis of typical agent frameworks, aiming at the decision-making gaming process of sea-air wargames, and then an agent bi-level architecture based on multi-Agent hierarchical reinforcement learning is proposed, which can effectively solve the problems of collaboration and dimensional disaster. The key technologies are analyzed from four aspects: force coordination, agent network design, adversary modeling and training mechanism. Hoping to provide architectural guidance for the subsequent design and implementation of sea-air wargaming agents.

  • Original article
    ZHANG Yuqiang, XIAO Benshuai, YANG Xianghong, SUN Shengzhi
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 12-17. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.002

    The era of intelligent war is coming with the wide application of big data technology and artificial intelligence technology in military field. Based on the characteristics of intelligent war, this paper describes the challenges of traditional weapon equipment, and puts forward the development strategy of weapon equipment system under condition of intelligent war, it has certain practical significance to improve the system efficiency of weapon equipment and win the initiative of future wars.

  • Intelligent Game
    ZHOU Jin, GAO Lanlan, LIU Wei
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 8-17. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.002

    With the development of new weapon systems and the application of intelligent technology in military fields, the research of intelligent situation awareness technology has become the hot spot among military powers. Firstly, the concepts of situation awareness and intelligent situation awareness are introduced. Secondly, In view of the characteristics of modern warfare, five critical demands of intelligent situation awareness are analyzed, including intelligent combat system of system analysis, intelligent awareness of combat window, combat situation evolution and prediction, intelligent cognition production representation, and intelligent combat situation retrospective. With domestic and foreign research literature, the key technologies and countermeasures involved are analyzed. The relevant results have certain reference significance for the future development and technological breakthroughs of intelligent situation awareness.

  • Command & Control
    SUN Manyi, BI Wenhao, ZHANG An, DIAO Yuhao
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 104-114. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.015

    An active disturbance suppression and model predictive control (MPC) strategy is proposed for the quadrotor precision trajectory tracking control problem under disturbance action and model uncertainty. The model predictive controller estimates and compensates the disturbance by the extended state observer (ESO) and disturbance observer (DO) to achieve the position loop accurate control. In the presence of external disturbances and parameter uncertainties, it is demonstrated through simulation experiments that the proposed method improves the robustness to modeling errors and disturbances, while achieving smooth tracking of the reference trajectory.

  • Intelligent Game
    LI Dong, XU Xiao, WU Lin
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 18-23. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.003

    To study the intelligent decision making methods under limited decision samples, aiming at the problems that operational decision-making experience is difficult to express and the training samples for intelligent decision learning are limited, based on the joint operational simulation and drill environment, a decision-making method based on generative adversarial imitation learning is proposed. This method integrates the operational decision-making experience representation and learning process. On the basis of high-level decision-making and low-level action, rule definitions are used to specify the logic of task execution, and generative adversarial imitation learning algorithms are utilized to improve the generalization ability of intelligent agents in scenarios. This method achieved expected results in the constructed typical adversarial scenarios. The algorithm training converged and the decisions output by the intelligent agent are reasonable. Preliminary experimental results indicate that generative adversarial imitation learning, as an intelligent operational decision-making method, has value for further research.

  • Equipment Technology
    AN Jing, SI Guangya, YAN Jiang, ZENG Miaoting
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 44-52. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.007

    As the key stage of operational concept development, capability requirement analysis is the process of analyzing solutions to specific operational problems, and defining various demand elements such as capability indicators, indicator thresholds, and indicator relationships. This analysis process needs to be supported by a scientific and reasonable indicator system with military significance. This indicator system should not only have the traditional purpose, integrity and measurability of indicators, but also have the characteristics of integration and hierarchy, emergence and aggregation, and qualitative and quantitative combination. Aiming at the above requirements, it takes the operational concept of "stereoscopic projection" as the research object. Firstly, based on DoDAF2.0, an operational concept architecture model with capability requirements as the core is built; Based on the characteristics of capacity demand analysis, a super network indicator system including three node networks is designed; Finally, according to the designed super network structure, based on the built operational concept architecture model, the capability requirement analysis indicator system is established, and the effectiveness of the method is analyzed.

  • Command & Control
    HUANG Xijie
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 115-121. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.016

    Aiming at the problems of difficult implementation and poor robustness of quadrotor UAV attitude control in unknown environment, an intelligent attitude control method based on deep deterministic strategy (DDPG) algorithm is proposed. Firstly, based on the Euler-Poincare equation, the dynamic model of the quadrotor is established by computer symbolic derivation. Secondly, the attitude controller of the quadcopter is designed based on the DDPG algorithm, and the attitude error, attitude angular velocity error and control law penalty items are introduced into the reward function design. Finally, the performance of the controller is verified by setting different initial state values, changing the structural parameters of the quadcopter, and introducing noise. The simulation results show that the controller can guide the quadrotor to respond quickly to the desired attitude and maintain stability, and also show good generalization ability.

  • Weapon & Information System
    MA Mingxing, LI Jian, ZENG Yuan, HE Bin, PANG Runjia
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 150-156. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.021

    In response to the existing gun sound recognition and positioning tasks, which require separate identification and positioning, resulting in time-consuming computation, system redundancy, and complex development processes, this paper proposes to use a two-stage CRNN deep learning network model to complete the gun sound recognition and positioning tasks. Firstly, perform a logarithmic Mel transform on the collected gunshot signal and calculate the generalized phase transition cross correlation spectrum as input to the network model. Secondly, in the first stage, the gunshot signal is identified through the CRNN network. Finally, in the second stage, the introduction of a mask is used to determine whether the CRNN network weight sharing is implemented for localization. The method proposed in this article can effectively solve the problems of separate recognition and positioning tasks, system redundancy, and complex development processes in traditional methods, and has certain application value in achieving joint recognition and positioning.

  • Overall Command & Control
    GE Chenglong, JIA Chenxing, MING Yuewei
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(6): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.06.001

    Operational concept is an important manifestation of joint operation and an important driving force for the construction and application of new combat forces. In response to the rapid transformation of the war form, the innovation of operational concept based on solely writing cannot meet the needs of future operations. It is urgent to scientifically standardize the development of operational concept from an engineering perspective. On the basis of deeply analysis of the current research status of operational concept development at home and abroad, three typical requirements for describing, designing and verifying operational concept development are scientifically summarized. A operational concept development framework with four-layer and six-segment architecture is proposed and the main content, internal logic, basic processes, methods and tools of the development framework are analyzed in detail to provide a framework reference for developing specific operational concept.

  • Command & Control
    YE Zhixiang
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 97-103. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.014

    In order to scientifically evaluate the command capability of a joint combat command organization, the paper establishes a command capability indicator system for the joint combat command organization, analyzes the interrelationships between indicators at various levels and the interrelationships between elements within the indicator group, and uses Super Decisions software to establish a relationship diagram of command capability evaluation indicators for the joint combat command organization, obtaining the weight of the final indicator system, collects two groups of command organization exercise evaluation data and calculates the evaluation results of capability. By analyzing the weight of indicators, it is pointed out that to improve the command capability of joint operations organizations, it is particularly important to focus on three key points: planning and decision-making capabilities, intelligence reconnaissance capabilities, and operational control capabilities.

  • Original article
    XUE Jingyun, LIU Fang, ZHANG Yinhuan
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 49-55. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.008

    Aiming at the situation of random changes in tactics and uncertain information in the confrontation pattern between missile and target in the air combat environment. By analyzing the motion relationship of a single missile attack to determine the target, the principles of dynamic game and differential game are introduced into the relative motion relationship between missile and target. In the dynamic game process of attack and defense confrontation, the terminal guidance problem of a single missile attacking and intercepting the target is modeled as a "one to one missile target" game model. The missile guidance law based on game theory under mixed strategy and the global strategic situation of bilateral optimization of the opponent at a certain moment are proposed. The method of model rolling prediction combined with differential game theory is introduced to simulate the confrontation between missile and target in uncertain attack and defense environments. The simulation results show that using this method can reduce the miss distance of missile to target and improve the hit accuracy of missile. The model provides a basis for missile attack and defense operations.

  • Equipment Technology
    YANG Liping, FANG Qiqing, HU Yahui, GU Chenggang
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 53-62. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.008

    To solve the problems of unstructured data organization, insufficient detailed description of entity relationship and lack of standardized expression of knowledge representation in the construction of knowledge graph in the field of early warning equipment. Based on the Protégé ontology construction tool, this paper divides the early warning equipment system from top to bottom into equipment principle knowledge class, management support resource class, equipment operation and application class, etc., and then refines them. So as to define the concept class and divide the hierarchical relationship, and extract the entities, attributes, relationships and other knowledge units in specific equipment information. Then, the domain knowledge of early warning equipment is modeled, and a scientific and complete knowledge representation framework of fine-grained early warning equipment is explored. Taking “long-range early warning phased array radar” as an example, ontology instance filling and visualization are carried out. Finally, the ontology of early warning equipment is formally represented based on ontology description language. The ontology lays a semantic foundation for the construction of domain knowledge graph based on multi-source high-quality data, and has important practical guiding value for realizing intelligent management support and operational application of equipment such as equipment capability portrait, development trend analysis, equipment fault diagnosis, and health status management under the background of big data.

  • Intelligent Game
    NING Yunhui, CHEN Ke, YOU Yue, ZHOU Yun, JIAO Yuan
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 24-28. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.004

    Intelligent command and control has become a new style of modern warfare command, and the high dynamic, strong adversarial, and massive data battlefield environment has put forward higher requirements for command efficiency and task execution ability. The traditional human-computer interaction mode has low interaction efficiency and lacks a human-centered interaction design, which cannot fully utilize the effectiveness of underwater command and control. This article is based on intelligent human-machine interaction and principal component analysis to design an interaction module that can generate an adaptive interface for underwater command and control based on user and business needs. By building an underwater command and control intelligent simulation platform, it has been confirmed that adaptive intelligent human-machine interaction can simplify the command and control process, reduce interaction time, and improve combat efficiency, with strong application value.

  • Intelligent Game
    LUO Lifeng, ZHANG Jingyuan, HUA Ming, FENG Haojun, YU Ying
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 29-34. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.005

    Aiming at the difficulties in the quantitative verification and evaluation of underwater countermeasures for our underwater platform and the lack of a guided maneuvering evasive combat model, a prediction model of underwater countermeasures based on big data learning is designed. Firstly, the underwater countermeasure modeling of the underwater platform is carried out, and the large data set of avoidance probability is obtained by several rounds of simulation based on Monte Carlo method. At the same time, in order to solve the problem of poor time efficiency under massive simulation, BP neural network prediction algorithm is proposed for big data learning to provide accurate, fast and visual antagonistic results. The test results show that under the test environment set in this paper, the average prediction error of BP neural network prediction algorithm is 7.28% respectively, which can effectively predict the avoidance probability of the underwater platform and provide data support for the commander’s command decision.

  • Weapon & Information System
    YIN Chengyi
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 157-160. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.022

    Aiming at the configuration problem of amphibious assault ship formation in submarine defense, a circle model of submarine torpedo limit range is established from the analysis of submarine threat to formation. Through model analysis and simulation calculation, it is concluded that amphibious assault ships should be positioned in the later position of threat circle center, and the optimal position calculation model is given. Based on the model of submarine threat range and threat range and the model of submarine defense range of warning ships, the optimal allocation method of escort forces is given, which provides a reference for the submarine defense of amphibious assault ship formation at sea.

  • Equipment Technology
    QIU Xiongfei, ZHANG Hua, ZHAO Zhangpeng, ZHAO Runze
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 78-83. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.011

    The evaluation of equipment comprehensive support effectiveness is affected by research and development support, personnel support, equipment support, maintenance support, and other aspects. How to evaluate the equipment’s comprehensive support effectiveness scientifically, objectively, and reasonably plays an important role in improving the equipment’s comprehensive support effectiveness of the army and promoting the generation of combat effectiveness of the army. Based on the research and analysis of related issues, the evaluation index system of equipment comprehensive support effectiveness is constructed. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are combined to determine the weight of each evaluation index factor and the reasonable evaluation of support effectiveness. Finally, the equipment’s comprehensive support effectiveness is evaluated through the example analysis system. The results show that this method has certain reference significance and guidance for scientific and reasonable evaluation of equipment comprehensive support effectiveness.

  • Command & Control
    ZHANG Jing, CHEN Chushu, WANG Bo
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 122-127. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.017

    Frequency Diverse Array (FDA) is a brand-new electronically scanned radar system. The time-range-angle three-dimensional correlation characteristics of its beampattern have broad application prospects in the fields of electronic countermeasures and security communications. One-dimensional uniform linear FDA array (ULFDA) has the problem of angle-range coupling in the transmit beampattern. To solve this problem, this paper adopts sine based on the symmetrical subarray density taper array structure. The frequency offset obtains the dot-shaped beampattern pointing control method at the target point position. In addition, we analyze the time-varying problem of the FDA pattern, and get the conclusion that the mainlobe of the density tapered array sin-FDA based on the subarray structure has a fixed direction in the angle dimension and changes in the range dimension.

  • Weapon & Information System
    LI Jiatong, LU Junyuan, WANG Guangyao, LI Jianxun
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(4): 35-43. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.04.005

    The development in artificial intelligence has dramatically changed all industries, among which AI-assisted air combat is a representative case of success. An Intelligent air combat model that consists of the attainment of samples and a decision-making model is constructed in connection with air combat simulator. Considering the characteristics of air combat continuous states and actions, DQN algorithm is selected as the model of intelligent air combat by comparison among several algorithms. Meanwhile, the AI network is trained interactively with AI enemies in the air combat simulation game DCS World, resulting in a model that is able to manipulate aircraft to a degree and many cases of air combat, by analyzing which a collection of winning, losing and dual samples is derived. The result of simulation indicates that the Intelligent air combat model has certain ability to generate strategic samples and enrich tactics in air combat environments.

  • Weapon & Information System
    JIA Qi, JI Linna, WANG Xiaoxia, YANG Fengbao
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 141-149. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.020

    Aiming at the problem of uncertainty and complexity of battlefield situation, which leads to the poor accuracy of risk prediction in the process of research and judgment, it is proposed to build a situation-risk model and construct the risk possibility distribution in order to realize the accurate prediction of risk. Firstly, the risk prediction index system is established from the enemy situation, our situation and the battlefield environment situation research and judgment content; secondly, the role of situation information on the risk is analyzed, and the risk model such as exponential, Z-type, tangent and so on is constructed and the risk value interval is calculated; then, based on the fuzzy function constructing method in the possibility theory, and relying on the weighting difference and uncertainty measurement, the risk possibility distribution is constructed within the risk value interval. Finally, an example of a defense mission is used to verify the feasibility and reasonableness of the proposed method by combining the expert system and cloud modeling methods in an experiment. The results show that the proposed method can fully take into account the uncertainty of situational information in risk prediction, which provides an important basis for subsequent planning decision-making.

  • Equipment Technology
    YU Yan, CAI Lin, ZHANG Chong, JI Hongshuai
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 69-77. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.010

    A density clustering-based health monitoring model for complex equipment is proposed for the complex equipment historical data which often has the characteristics of non-spherical shape. The local density and inter-class distance of each sample are estimated from the historical data, and the statistical properties of both are considered to determine the clustering center of the data. For the newly collected complex equipment health status monitoring data, if it is reachable with the density of the clustering center, the complex equipment is considered to be in a healthy state, otherwise it is in a non-healthy state. An actual complex equipment data set is analyzed by numerical simulation techniques, as well as visualization techniques such as scatter plots, box plots and parallel coordinate systems are used to verify the reliability of the calculated results, and the simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively monitor the health status of complex equipment.

  • Command & Control
    DING Zhenguo, HUANG Peirong, ZHAO Fangfang
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 90-96. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.013

    From the perspective of the historical development of the command of maritime operations, it is found that the flow of command information gradually increases, the flow direction gradually increases, and the flow velocity gradually increases. Under the influence of the change of the command information flow, the command structure of maritime operations has undergone a process of change from simple to complex, and its internal structure is constantly optimized, and the external structure is constantly expanded and the operation mode is constantly sensitive.

  • Weapon & Information System
    SHI Yanshan
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 135-140. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.019

    The torpedo discovery probability is associated with launch situation before homing torpedo launched. In order to meet the need, a method for predicting the tendency probability change is proposed. The torpedo launch situation prediction model is built according to the current attack situation,and the torpedo launch situation sequence is generated. Based on the principle of normal distribution, target dispersion is processed. The area ratio method is used to calculate the single launch point discovery probability of acoustic homing torpedo, and length ratio method is used for wake homing torpedo. Based on the above processing methods, the continuous discovery probability of homing torpedo at launch time is calculated, and the trend chart is generated. Finally, the prediction result of finding probability variation trend of homing torpedo is tested and verified by using typical launch situation.

  • Command & Control
    GUO Zhengxuan, LIANG Wenjun, SU Yang, CHEN Rui
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 84-89. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.012

    The research emphasized the invulnerability of tree command network and Cascade Command network based on the normal duty command model. Random attack and deliberate attack are employed on three kinds of duty command models. The paper found out the best anti-destruction performance model by comparing and analyzing indicators like the indexes of maximum connectivity subgraph size, network efficiency, global aggregation coefficient etc. The collective influence algorithm is used to identify the key nodes of the command network with the best anti-destruction performance, and compared with the traditional key node identification method based on node degree, it is proved that it is more accurate to identify key nodes based on the collective influence algorithm which could provide theoretical guidance for the optimization and protection of the future regular duty command network.

  • Weapon & Information System
    GUO Zijie, WANG Jun, ZHANG Xianchun, PANG Jingzhuang
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(2): 128-134. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.02.018

    As a new type of intelligent mine, homing mine plays an important role in modern maritime warfare. In order to improve the interception probability of the passing target by the mine barrage composed of homing mine. Firstly, in order to obtain the detection area of homing mine in the battlefield environment, the target detection system of homing mine was modelled in this dissertation. Then, based on the genetic algorithm, the deployment position of the homing mine is optimized. By simulating the situation when multiple targets pass through mine barrage before and after optimization, obtain the average probability of the target triggering the homing mine before and after the optimization. The superiority of homing mine placement after optimization is verified. It has guiding significance for the laying of mine positions of homing mine.

  • Unmanned System & Technology
    LI Xinghua, YU Yongsheng, MENG Zhen, ZHENG Wenpeng, XIA Xiangtong, HAO Chengshuo, HAN Jiarui
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(5): 6-12. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.05.002

    The Russia-Ukraine conflict is the most widely used local conflict of unmanned intelligent equipment since its development and installation. The various types of unmanned intelligent equipment that emerged in this conflict have also brought a series of changes and challenges to the traditional killing chain. In order to study the combat application of unmanned intelligent equipment in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and its impact on the killing chain, according to the public report information, the application and characteristics of unmanned intelligent equipment in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict are analyzed in three aspects from the perspective of killing chain: enriching the options of kill chain awareness nodes, reducing kill chain kill costs, and shortening kill chain closed-loop time. According to the experience and lessons learned from the application of unmanned intelligent equipment in Russia and Ukraine, the enlightenment and suggestions for the development of unmanned intelligent equipment are put forward.

  • Original article
    AN Jing, LIU Wei, ZHOU Jie
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 18-24. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.003

    Based on the formal description of the operational concept capability requirement analysis, a method of operational concept capability requirement analysis based on DRL(deep reinforcement learning) is designed. The key technologies of this method, such as simulation experiment, surrogate model, reinforcement learning, are analyzed and studied. Through the implementation of key technologies,small sample data sets with high reliability can be obtained through simulation experiments; Based on the experience data, the surrogate model of operation concept is constructed, and the model is optimized and trained by using multi-objective optimization algorithm with the high credibility simulation data set as the input; Finally, the surrogate model obtained from the training and the DRL framework are interactively optimized to achieve the reverse exploration of the operational concept capability requirements.

  • Original article
    YANG Rui, YANG Jilong, LIU Xiaofan, ZHANG Yilin, YAN Yunyi
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 75-85. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.012

    In modern military warfare, the pattern of air-ground coordination with multi-formation has become more and more important. However, the existing target intention recognition methods are effective for single formation, but lack of effective solutions for multi-formation scenarios with air and ground coordination. In this paper, Dynamic Series Bayesian Network is used to identify the intention of air-to-ground cooperative formation. This method firstly constructs an overall model of intention recognition of air-to-ground cooperative formation by using DSBN, which is used to describe the cooperative action process between air and ground formations. Then, events in different battlefield domains and their related probability relations are fused together with auxiliary battlefield information. The inference network is used to recognize the intention of enemy cooperative formation. This method fully considers the behavior rules of the air target, describes its behavior pattern and trend in detail, and is more suitable for the scenario of multi-cooperative target formation. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of this method is verified by simulation example.

  • Original article
    CAO Chengcai, HUANG Yanyan, SUN Pengyao, WU Kui
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 56-61. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.009

    With the widespread application of cruise missile technology and the increasing complexity of mission execution, the mission planning of cruise missile formations is facing new challenges. A multi patrol missile pre war planning task allocation model based on multiple constraints is constructed, with the optimization objectives of mission value return and mission loss cost, while considering various practical constraints such as task execution timing. To solve the model, an improved genetic algorithm based on simulated annealing is designed, which adjusts the adaptive selection strategy and adaptive crossover strategy based on the population fitness of different periods, ensuring convergence while increasing population diversity. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed improved algorithm in solving the task allocation problem of multiple patrol missiles was verified through a case study.

  • Original article
    XU Ruyao, CAI Canwei, SUN Zhangyi
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 25-29. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.004

    To solve the potential issue of reloading during mortar firing and ensure the safety of personnel and equipment during live firing in the military, a new type of mortar anti reloading system is designed. An indicator automatically switches its own state with the help of the sliding force during shell loading and buffering force during the movement of the buffering machine,undamentally solving the problem of "reloadingammunition" that may occur during mortar live firing. Through the interaction between the top rod component and the buffer machine, the buffering force can be transmitted to the anti reloading system. Through theoretical calculations and simulation experiments, it has been verified that its top rod component can meet the strength and stability requirements of mortar firing.

  • Original article
    LI Weiguang, CHEN Dong
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 62-69. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.010

    Aiming at the characteristics of large solution space, discrete, dynamic and nonlinear of firepower-target assignment problem, this paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning algorithm based on DQN. By combining the 6-layer fully connected feedforward neural network with the Q-learning algorithm, the perception ability of deep learning and the decision-making ability of reinforcement learning are fully utilized. Through the comparison of model performance tests, this method has strong fitting ability, fast convergence speed and small variance jitter, and the distribution results meet the combat expectations, which can provide some reference for commanders to make decisions on fire strike problems.

  • Original article
    CHEN Jianrun, MAO Weining
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 95-101. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.014

    Two bearing-only maneuver detection methods based on deep learning are proposed to address the problems of long detection delay and low accuracy of existing bearing-only maneuver detection methods for underwater targets. The bearing observations of the target in the constant velocity (CV) motion state and constant turning (CT) motion state are used as the training data set. The target motion pattern classification and bearing prediction are realized through the Long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network, and then realize the maneuver detection of underwater targets based on motion pattern classification and bearing prediction. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional bearing prediction maneuver detection method, this method reduces the bearing observation error and has a lower sensitivity of target maneuver magnitude, and has a higher maneuver detection accuracy and reduces the maneuver detection delay.

  • Original article
    RONG Jiguang, REN Zhiguo, LI Shuqiang
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 123-129. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.018

    Addressing the issue of relatively low recognition rates for named entities in domain-specific short texts under resource-constrained computational environments, a novel hybrid model combining a Dual BiLSTM_CRF architecture with a fully connected network is designed to identify named entities in these texts. The model leverages critical knowledge entities and their key relationships from a domain knowledge graph, which undergoes projection transformation, clustering, and global vector word embedding processing. Based on the calculation of word vector similarities, it identifies similar critical knowledge entities to those being recognized within the domain. These identified knowledge entities are then substituted into the original domain short text, generating an augmented version that is fed, along with the unmodified text, into the model for named entity recognition. This integration of domain knowledge into the recognition process of named entities in domain-specific short texts has shown promising results. Experimental outcomes demonstrate that this method outperforms existing comparable approaches in terms of its enhanced identification capabilities.

  • Original article
    ZHOU Jin, GAO Lanlan, LIU Wei
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 102-108. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.015

    Aiming at the lack of effective analysis and identification of operational area in the traditional battlefield situation awareness process, a method of aerial battlefield target trajectory analysis method for operational area extraction is proposed. Firstly, based on the improved Douglas-Peucker algorithm, the featured trajectory is extracted based on the original target trajectory, thus reducing the trajectory redundant information. Secondly, the clustering by fast search and find of density peaks (CFSFDP) algorithm is used to cluster the featured trajectory, which obtains multiple featured points clusters. Finally, each featured points cluster is scanned based on Graham's convex hull algorithm to obtain closed polygons to characterize the combat areas. The feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm model are verified by several case simulations.

  • Original article
    LIU Yi, YOU Dade, DONG Shouquan, WU Shuai
    Command Control and Simulation. 2024, 46(3): 70-74. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2024.03.011

    In response to the problem of limited evaluation indicators for the cost function of a single route planning algorithm, and the recommended optimal route for planning being the optimal local indicator, a land attack cruise missile route planning evaluation index system is established based on missile operational requirements and operational environment characteristics, starting from flight safety, penetration safety, and strike accuracy requirements. Qualitative analysis is conducted on the probability of missile hitting the ground and falling into the human zone, as well as the amplitude of trajectory crossing the detection and interception zones specific evaluation indicators such as autonomous flight and detection recognition accuracy have certain reference significance for optimizing route planning and optimization algorithms.